Cancer, a complex and multifaceted disease, has garnered significant attention in academics and healthcare.
Despite extensive research efforts, the precise aetiology of cancer remains elusive. It is believed that a myriad of factors, including dietary habits, levels of physical activity, and prolonged exposure to various forms of radiation, may contribute to the development of cancer.
However, the practicality of avoiding these factors in the modern human environment is a matter of contention.
Researchers underscore the importance of not only mitigating exposure to potential carcinogens but also of developing specific and compelling treatment modalities to address cancer as a chronic and pervasive health challenge.
The latest threat is cancer of the male genitalia
Penile cancer poses a significant health risk for men on a global scale. Brazil has been at the forefront of extensive research on this issue.
Recent studies conducted in the country have unveiled that 2.1 out of every 100,000 men have been impacted by this disease.
According to the data from Brazil’s Ministry of Health, between 2012 and 2022, there were 21,000 reported cases of genital cancer, resulting in approximately 4,000 fatalities and 6,500 amputations over the last decade.
Serious situation in Brazil
In the state of Maranhao, which is the poorest state in Brazil, there is a concerning prevalence of penile cancer amongst men.
This region has the highest rate of penile cancer in the world, with 6.1 cases per 100,000 men. Penile cancer often manifests with symptoms such as non-healing sores on the penis and the discharge of a fluid with a strong odour, as noted by researchers.
Early diagnosis of penile cancer allows for treatment through surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, if left untreated, it may progress to a point where partial or complete removal of the male genitalia becomes necessary, which presents a severe and life-altering condition.
Having thick skin and smoking are risk factors
It’s important to remember that having a tight foreskin, known as phimosis, and smoking are identified as risk factors for penile cancer, which can lead to the removal of the penis.
Proper cleaning of the upper part of the penis and the foreskin and preventing bacterial infections are crucial in preventing this disease.
Experts advise seeking immediate treatment if infections are repeated. In addition to hygiene, it is essential to avoid contracting the human papillomavirus, as its presence in the body for some time can increase the risk of penile cancer.
It’s also important to note that the risk of penile cancer is not limited to Brazil. According to the latest research, the number of penile cancer cases is increasing globally.
A 2022 study revealed that between 2008 and 2012, Uganda had the highest number of penile cancer cases, with a rate of 2.2 per 100,000 men. During the same period, Thailand reported 1.4 cases per 100,000, while Kuwait reported 0.1 cases per 100,000.
World Status and Predictions
Penile cancer incidence and mortality rates are high in developing countries. While the incidence is increasing in many European countries, a research team led by Leiwen Fu and Tian Tian of China’s Sun Yat-sen University has shown that the risk is also significant in developed countries.
For example, between 1979 and 2009, 1.1 to 1.3 cases per 100,000 were reported in England. In Germany, the incidence of penile cancer increased by 50 per cent from 1.2 to 1.8 per 100,000 between 1961 and 2012.
People over the age of 60 are at high risk
The World Health Organization has predicted a significant 77 per cent increase in the global incidence of penile cancer by 2050. This rise is believed to be driven by the ageing population. Notably, men aged 60 years and above are reporting higher cases of penile cancer.
Health experts have recommended the use of condoms during sexual activity and the consideration of foreskin removal surgery as potential measures to lower the risk of penile cancer.
Given the situation’s urgency, several countries, including the United States and China, have initiated formal research efforts involving global participation to address this pressing health concern.
